Learning French Numbers: How to Master Soixante-dix and Quatre-vingts

French numbers are among the most fascinating in any language, where simple counting can suddenly turn into a mental math exercise. But why is the system so unique, and more importantly, how can you learn it in a fun and engaging way?

This article will guide you through the peculiarities of French numbers and provide effective strategies to train your listening comprehension.

French Numbers: A System That Requires Calculation

The French numbering system isn't as straightforward as you might be used to. Instead of a simple progression to 100, French uses a vigesimal (base-20) system for numbers 70 and above. This system is based on multiples of twenty:

• 70 = "soixante-dix" (60 + 10)
• 80 = "quatre-vingts" (4 × 20)
• 90 = "quatre-vingt-dix" (4 × 20 + 10)

It might seem complicated at first, and it certainly takes some getting used to. However, with the right techniques, you can master this system surprisingly quickly.

The Basics: Numbers from 0 to 20

These fundamental numbers are the building blocks for all larger numbers in French:

• 0–10: zéro, un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix
• 11–20: onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt

Pronunciation Tip: Pay close attention to the nasal sounds in "cinq" [sɛ̃k] and "quinze" [kɛ̃z], and note the silent "x" in "six" and "dix" (unless they precede a vowel).

From 21 to 69

Between 21 and 69, the French system follows a more conventional and logical pattern:

• 21 = vingt et un (with "et"!)
• 22 = vingt-deux (with a hyphen)
• 23 = vingt-trois
• 24 = vingt-quatre
• 25 = vingt-cinq
• 26 = vingt-six
• 27 = vingt-sept
• 28 = vingt-huit
• 29 = vingt-neuf
• 30 = trente
• 40 = quarante
• 50 = cinquante
• 60 = soixante

From 70: Where the Vigesimal System Begins

• 70 = soixante-dix (60+10)
• 71 = soixante et onze (60+11)
• 80 = quatre-vingts (4×20, with a plural "s"!)
• 81 = quatre-vingt-un (without the "s")
• 90 = quatre-vingt-dix (4×20+10)
• 99 = quatre-vingt-dix-neuf

Test Your French Number Comprehension: Can You Recognize These Numbers?

Pro Tip: Learn Numbers the Easy Way

The best way to learn numbers is through regular, low-pressure practice. Numfred is a dedicated language learning app for iPhone designed to help you learn French numbers effectively by playfully training your listening comprehension.

With Numfred, you can learn numbers not only in French but also in English, Spanish, Chinese, Italian, and many other languages.

Find out more in our article on number training in foreign languages or on the Numfred App website.

Frequently Asked Questions about French Numbers

• Why do the French say "quatre-vingts" for 80? This is a remnant of an old base-20 (vigesimal) counting system used in France since the Middle Ages. Although its exact origins are debated, the system has persisted in the language to this day.
• Are numbers simpler in Belgium and Switzerland? Yes! In Belgium and parts of Switzerland, you'll often hear "septante" (70), "huitante" (80, in some parts of Switzerland), and "nonante" (90). These versions are more straightforward and logical than their French counterparts.

For more tips, check out our blog for other articles and exercises.

Conclusion: Mastering Numbers is Easier Than You Think

Yes, French numbers can seem complicated at first glance. However, by understanding the logic behind the system, practicing your listening skills regularly, and using intuitive apps like Numfred, you'll overcome these hurdles surprisingly quickly.

Happy learning!